Graded central polynomials for the matrix algebra of order two

Abstract

Let K be an infinite integral domain and $A=M_2(K)$ the algebra of $2\times 2$ matrices over $K$. The authors consider the natural $\mathbb{Z}_2$-grading of $A$ obtained by requiring that the diagonal matrices and the off-diagonal matrices are of homogeneous degree $0$ and $1$, respectively. When $K$ is a field, a basis of the graded identities of $A$ was described in [O. M. Di Vincenzo, On the graded identities of $M_{1,1}(E).$ Israel J. Math. 80 (1992), no. 3, 323-–335] in case $\mbox{char}\, K = 0$ and in [P. E. Koshlukov and S. S. de Azevedo, Graded identities for T-prime algebras over fields of positive characteristic. Israel J. Math. 128 (2002), 157-–176] when $K$ is infinite and $\mbox{char}\, K >2$. Here the authors remark that the same basis holds in case K is an infinite integral domain. They also study the $T_2$-space of central polynomials of $A$ and find a finite set of generators. Their proof does not depend on the characteristic, hence holds also for infinite fields of characteristic $2.$