Influence of roasting and different brewing processes on ochratoxin A content in coffee determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD)

Abstract

A rapid and reliable procedure has been developed for the determination of ochratoxin A (OTA) in green and roasted coffee. The method consists of extraction of the sample with methanol–5% aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate/1% PEG8000 (20:80), followed by immunoaffinity column (IAC) clean-up and, finally, highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) determination with fluorimetric detection. Mean recoveries for green and roasted coffee spiked at different levels ranging from 94 and 105% were obtained. The limit of determination (S/N¼3) was 0.032 ng g 1 and the precision (within-laboratory relative standard deviation) was 6%. The method described has been used to assess the influence of roasting and different brewing processes on OTA content in commercial lots of green and roasted coffee. The results provided evidence that roasting led to a significant drop on OTA levels (65–100%). Also, the way coffee is prepared affects the OTA content: brewing using a Moka Express (Italian coffee) led to a significant reduction of OTA concentration (50–75%) since hot water stays in contact with coffee for a short time. On the contrary, Turkish coffee-making (infusion for about 10 min) cause poor reduction in OTA.