Centrifuge tests on strip footings on sand with a weak layer

Abstract

Tests on small-scale physical models of a strip footing resting on a dense sand bed containing a thin horizontal weak soil layer were carried out at normal gravity (1g). The results, reported in a companion paper, point out that the weak layer plays an important role in the failure mechanism and the ultimate bearing capacity of the footing if it falls within the ground volume relevant to the behaviour of the sand–footing system. The same problem was also investigated by means of centrifuge tests on reduced-scale models at 25g and 40g. The results of these tests, reported and discussed in this paper, confirm that failure mechanisms are governed substantially by the presence of the weak layer if its depth does not exceed a critical value and highlight marked scale effects involving the ultimate bearing capacity related essentially to the mean equivalent stress level in the soil beneath and around the footing. Equivalent bearing capacity factors, N f , for footings on a dense sand bed containing a thin weak layer are derived from experimental results and are proposed in the paper.