Modelli di parenting multipli e benessere interpersonale. Una rassegna teorica sull’evoluzione del sistema motivazionale diadico verso il network dell’accudimento

Abstract

Models of multiple parenting and interpersonal wellbeing. A theoretical review on the evolution of the dyadic motivational system toward the network of care A theoretical analysis on the evolution of the dyadic parenting model toward the multiple attachment perspective is presented. In particular, looking beyond the monotropic perspective (Bowlby, 1969), a theoretical framework about the integration model as a support of the elasticity of the Internal Working Models is highlighted. Based on these studies, the continuity in the quality of the attachment representations would remain in function also of the changes inside the care environment, in its aspects of risk and protection as well as on dyadic, family and social levels in which it is organised. The network of care is presented as a dynamic system in constant evolution, influenced by internal, external and cultural changes. For instance, some clinical and interpersonal wellbeing implications can glimpse in those family contexts characterised by traumatic experiences. These negative experiences/relationships may be offset by the positive effects of a functional attachment relationship (secure) with different caregivers. In other words, having established insecure relationships with the primary attachment figure may be compensated for the positive effects of a secure attachment relationship established with other caregivers. In accordance with the theoretical and empirical analyses of the integration model, the goodness of maternal working models cannot therefore be considered the unique determiner of the child development. It can be assumed, however, that security emerges from the experience of a network of caregivers mostly characterised by balanced and secure representations. This would give shape to a context of care in which everyone experiences the sensitivity and responsiveness to support his/her socio-emotional growth.