A Marble Bust Newly Discovered by the Trapani Lombardo Family of Reggio Calabria (Southern Italy)

Abstract

This research concerns a stylistic and archaeometric study of an ancient marble female bust recently discovered by the Trapani Lombardo family of Reggio Calabria (Southern Italy) and delivered to the Superintendency of Archaeology, Fine Arts, and Landscape for the metropolitan city of Reggio Calabria and Vibo Valentia (SABAP). Based on the first technical, stylistic, and iconographic observations made by the competent bodies, it is a half-length portrait bust from the Roman era, which precisely had the function of faithfully reproducing the physiognomy of the depicted subject. The research aimed to establish the authenticity of the artwork and the origin of the raw material, providing indications about the textural and compositional features and of the alteration products as well as identifying traces of any previous restoration interventions. For these purposes, after a preliminary assessment of the state of conservation of the bust using visual inspections supported by a handheld digital microscope, different analytical techniques, including polarized optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDX), carbon and oxygen stable isotope ratio determinations (d(13)C and d(18)O), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), were used. The results highlighted the originality of the artifact, thus remarking on the importance of the precious archaeological find to be included in the cataloging of tangible assets in the panorama of Italian cultural heritage.