Wood flour and hazelnut shells polylactide-based biocomposites for packaging applications: Characterization, photo-oxidation, and compost burial degradation

Abstract

In this work, polylactide (PLA) was loaded with wood flour (WF) or hazelnut shells (HSs) (10% and 20% of fillers). The matrix and biocomposites were fully characterized from a mechanical and rheological point of view to test their processability and mechanical performance. Compost burial degradation test (30 days), with or without a prior photo-oxidation step, assessed their biodegradability after an outdoor application, and was monitored by weight loss (WL). The viscosity of the biocomposites was lower than that of the matrix and this unusual result can be attributed to a limited adhesion between the PLA and fillers. Both fillers increased the elastic modulus but decreased the tensile strength and elongation at break. As for the weathering, the degradation of PLA was mostly due to hydrolytic chain scission due to the presence of humidity. Resistance of PLA to UV irradiation improved in presence of both the two fillers. Their lignocellulosic nature was responsible for this behavior. Both fillers induced a high resistance and lower degradation in compost: WL percentages of virgin PLA was about 26%, biocomposites with 20% of WF or HS showed WL of about 10% and 14%, respectively. Photo-oxidation (36 h with condensation cycle) increased the compost degradation rate of both biocomposites and WL of PLA with 20% of WF or HS were about 15% and 21%, respectively, after 30 days. Highlights: Poor adhesion between the matrix and fillers reduced the biocomposites viscosity. Fillers increased the elastic modulus but decreased the properties at break. Both fillers improved the resistance of PLA to UV irradiation. Biocomposites showed a lower susceptibility to compost degradation than PLA. Photo-oxidation increased the compost degradation rate of biocomposites.