The photophysics of distorted nanographenes: Ultra-slow relaxation dynamics, memory effects, and delayed fluorescence

Abstract

The controlled deformation and engineering of the sp2 carbon network in atomically-precise nanographenes, and their substantially larger size as compared to typical optical dyes, opens new opportunities for the modulation of optical and electronic properties, but the peculiar photophysics of these systems is still poorly understood. Here, through a detailed comparative study of two well-defined distorted nanographenes, we show that they can exhibit interesting photophysical features, such as triplet-triplet annihilation delayed fluorescence, ultra-slow excited state dynamics, and excitation-wavelength memory effects on the nanosecond and sub-nanosecond relaxation cascades. Some of these behaviours are highly unexpected and strongly deviate from the archetypal behaviour of typical optical dyes. The distortion of the sp2 network was obtained by means of a non-hexagonal ring and a helicene unit, introduced by taking advantage of the high control provided by specific bottom-up organic synthesis. We believe the rich conformational landscape provided by the combination of the saddle-shaped curvature due to the heptagon ring and the helicene edge is at the heart of the uncommon photophysics.