Cause, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and treatment of meniere's disease and endolymphatic hydrops

Abstract

Meniere's disease (MD) is characterized by the triad of fluctuating hearing loss, episodic vertigo and tinnitus, and by endolymphatic hydrops found on postmortem examinations. Since the description of endolymphatic hydrops by Hallpike and Cairns all the physiopathology of Meniere's symptoms have been based on assumption that the pathologic lesion was the cause of the symptoms. Paparella came out term and concept towards understanding of a disease was, "pathogenesis," which applies to all otological diseases, in general and in particular within this context of MD, which allows us to better understand this disease. After Schuknecht proposed the theory of membranous rupture causing the mixing up of endo and perilymph leading to the appearance of Meniere's symptoms. Lawrence proved this theory with research on experimental animals. In 1995 the AAO-HNS criteria defines "Possible MD, Probable MD, Definite MD and Certain MD. In 1995 the Committee of Barany Society proposed a classification that is similar to the AAO-HNS criteria, it includes only two categories: definite MD and probable MD. A variety of medical and surgical treatments have been developed to treat or control the symptoms. The treatment can be divided into non-destructive and destructive procedures.