Unravelling the relationships between the microbiota and the environment

Abstract

Microorganisms play a critical role in the health of host organisms. When this correct balance, known as eubiosis, is disrupted due to various perturbations, we have dysbiosis. The microbial community can live and colonize several environments. The study of microbial communities indifferent systems, including humans, animals, and plants, has increased thanks to new technologies based on Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). Indeed, better microbiota knowledge can contribute to improving how these systems are interconnected and interact with each other. While each organism's microbiota is unique, some bacterial species are shared. Microorganisms are an essential component in ecosystems and have a significant environmental impact. As a result, a better understanding of the environmental microbiota may be critical to dealing with the world we live in. Meta-barcoding technology, which is based on NGS, enables the sequencing of a single gene, such as 16S rDNA, which is the gold standard for prokaryotic taxonomic and phylogenetic analysis. This type of analysis allows researchers to determine the abundance and diversity of microbes in various matrices, as well as their relationships. Given the fundamental nature of microbial life and diversity concerning host organisms and vice versa, microbiota research provides an interdisciplinary platform for many fields, including human medicine, foodscience, biotechnology, agriculture, ecology, and animal health.