Exosomal Hsp 60: A Tumor Biomarker?

Abstract

EXs (EXs) are microvesicles containing proteins, DNA, mRNA, miRNA, lipid and non-coding RNAs. The EXs can be easily isolated from different biological fluids and their content is considered a potential biomarker in various diseases such a cancer. EXs play an important role in intercellular communication, permitting cells to exchange proteins, lipids and genetic material in normal and pathological conditions. New data shown that tumor cells-derived EXs contribute to cancer progression through the modulation of tumor microenvironment. Heat shock proteins 60kDa (Hsp60) is classically considered mitochondrial proteins with different biological roles. In recent years, many studies have focused on the extracellular roles played by Hsp60 that appear to be involved in cancer development and immune system stimulation. Hsp60 localized on the surface of EXs, secreted by cells, could be key players in intercellular cross-talk during the course of different diseases, such as cancer. Exosomal Hsp60 has great potential for clinical applications, including its use as biomarker for diagnostics, assessing prognosis, and monitoring disease progression and response to treatment, particularly in cancer.