Financial distress and its impact on symptom expression in advanced cancer patients

Abstract

Aim: To assess financial distress (FD) and its impact on symptom expression and other quality of life issues Patients and methods: Advanced cancer patients admitted to inpatient and outpatient clinics were selected. Standard epidemiological data including age, gender, primary cancer diagnosis, and Karnofsky level were recorded. Data regarding marital status, number of cohabitants, religious belief, educational level, and family income (< 1000, 1000–3.000, > 3000 euros), as well as extra costs not covered by health care system, were collected. Symptom burden including FD was measured by Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS), FACT-G (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General), and HADS (Hospital Anxiety Depression scale) were measured. Results: Two hundred thirty-six patients were evaluated. The mean FD was 3.55 (SD 3.1). One hundred patients (42%) had a FD of ≥ 4. There was an inverse correlation between FD and income (P = 0.032). Most patients incurred in extra-costs, the most frequent being for drugs (n, 114). FD was inversely associated with age (P = 0.024), marital status (divorced or separated, P = 0.005), ESAS anxiety (P = 0.006), total ESAS (P = 0.019), physical well-being (P = 0.033), poor social family well-being (P = 0.004), emotional well-being (P = 0.045), poor functional well-being (P = 0.019), HADS-A (P = 0.003), and global HADS (P = 0.034). Family income was inversely related to age (P = 0.023), education level (P < 0.0005), less number of hospital admissions in the last month (P = 0.020), physical well-being (P = 0.039), social/family well-being (P = 0.020), and total well-being (P = 0.001). Conclusion: FD is very common in advanced cancer patients. FD was associated with anxiety, depression, and poor quality of life. The screening of FD may allow to develop effective interventions of social support.